Greek Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Greek Philosophy tasteWhat Is Philosophy? Philosophy The studies of Greco-Roman thinkers on activities and inquiries. It is also the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct. Philosophy focuses on three main types Stoicism Skepticism Epicurean Philosophy consists of these philosophical areas Metaphysics Materialism Idealism Epistemology sensualism Rationalism Ethics Hedonism Cynicism Three Main Types Stoicism Refers to the knowledge of Aristotle oMind is a blank state, impressions are do by the 5 senses. Stoics deny the metaphysical points of view. oReal objects produce intense feelings. oThe body and soul are pairs that act and react to each other. Skepticism Examines as to what someone should conceptualise- derived from Platos schooling Objections on skepticism oIts commitment to inner limitation is nonexistent. oIf knowledge is limited and judgment is not expressed, life is presumed unlivable. Epicurean Formulated by Epicurus wh o believed ism was studied to make the soul happy. Happiness created with less wanting of materialistic things and more peace. Philosophical Areas Metaphysics class of ism accountable for the study of existence.oAnswers what is? The foundation of philosophy oWithout metaphysics, we would not be able to comprehend the domain of a function or act accordingly to it. Materialism Refers to the simple focus of the material world. oEverything in the universe is librate and matters. The philosophy is held by those who believed that material items are accountable for existence. Idealism Stresses the central ideal and spiritual interpretations of experiences. oThey believe world exists as a spirit Two forms oMetaphysical idealism oEpistemological idealism Epistemology The investigation of grounds and constitution of knowledge of theworld. oFocuses on the knowledge of differences between truths and falsehood. Fundamental aspect to how we think. Empiricism Theory of experience as primar y source to our knowledge of the world. oLearning through perception. Classical empiricism oRejection of innate, in-born knowledge and concepts Radical empiricism oExplains that solely our knowledge is derived from our senses. Moderate empiricism oDescribes the exceptions to general empiristic rules. Rationalism Philosophical movement that introduced mathematical methods to philosophy.oCan be unsounded through mathematical and logicalprinciples, not sensory experiences. Ethics Branch of philosophy dealing with what is the good action for servicemans. oAnswers What do I do? Requirement for human life, decides course of action. Hedonism Doctrine that states that all enjoyment is naturally acceptable- good for the soul. Nothing but pleasure is good. Cynicism Described as a way of life, which consists of asceticism, anti-conformism, and anti-conventionalism. reason of cynicism is the virtue of well being and a happy life. Philosophers Socrates Possibly the wisest sage of all time Contributions to philosophy oPithy sayings.oSocratic method of discussion oSocratic irony oSocratic method- saying he knows nothing and that unexamined life is not worth subsisting Participated in the military during the Peloponnesian War. oCommitted suicide by ingesting poison hemlock. Plato Fun fact Plato is not his authoritative name- its Aristocles, but was later changed to Plato by his teachers Considered the most important philosopher to have ever lived- father of Idealism. Thought the human soul contained reason, spirit, and appetite. Student and follower of Socrates.Impacted math, science, morals, and political theories with hisLegacy of the Academy schooling. Aristotle Student of Plato, teacher of horse parsley the Great. Wrote on logic, nature, psychology, ethics, politics, and art. Developed deductive reasoning. Basis Aristotles syllogism Church used Aristotle to explain doctrines in the Middle Ages. imagination of Prime Element Thales Attempted to find naturalisti c explanations of the world identified water as the last-ditch principle. Pythagoras Creator of Pythagorean Theorem believed earth was what encompassed all beings.Anaximenes Explained how air was universally present and is the source of all that exists.Heraclitus Disagreed with same philosophers and claimed fire was the classical element. Empedocles Created the cosmogenic theory that composed of the four classical elements water, earth, fire, and air. 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