Legislation and Ethics Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legislation and Ethics Report - Research Paper ExampleFurthermore, it aims at improving developmental and educational outcomes for pincerren attending learning and care work. In addition, it encourages continuous developments in the pitching of excellent learning and care services. In addition, it minimizes the administrative and regulatory problem for learning and care services by making sure information is shared amongst the Commonwealth and participating jurisdictions (Becker, 2007).This legislation influences the work practices of those persons or organizations that are fit to provide the learning and care services to the children. Their work practices should keep the best interests and the rights of the children at the foremost. There should be diversity, inclusion and equity in the education and care services they provide. The relationships with the children should be good, and they should meet that they have cooperative partnerships with the communities and the families of the children (Farmer, 2014).The impact on ethical practices is that it ensures the providers of this service have equipments, furniture, and premises that are clean, safe, and intumesce maintained. Additionally, their facilities should be adapted or designed to ensure participation and access by every child present in the service and to permit flexible interaction and use of outdoor and indoor space. Further, the providers should be able to support the children to become ecologically responsible and express respect for the ecology. Lastly, the resources, facilities, buildings and the indoor and outdoor spaces should be suitable for the purpose of learning and care services (Mendes and Moslehuddin, 2004).The impact of the Children (Education and Care Services) National Law (NSW) on policy development and implementation is that, it ensures that the rules and regulations enacted and developed with different institutions or individuals, should act in accordance with the legislation. T he policies should state of matter the outdoor

Discussion and Respond. 3 Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion and Respond. 3 - Dissertation ExampleEffective leaders, through with(predicate) theoretical and practical skills determine these factors and design strategies that would ensure that goals atomic number 18 attained. Monkey Story (Company Norms) The history is a good analogy of how corporate norms are justified or rationalized. However, eventually, it presumes that, just like monkeys, employees manifest a blind adherence to company norms without questioning the underlying rationale for the behavior. I beg to disagree. People are rational beings. Eventually, brisk comers question why they are being told to do things the way they should do. Normally, organizations orient new employees by making them acquaint themselves with company policies and the organizations code of discipline so that their scat behavior is justified by the rules and regulations explicitly stated in the company policies and code of discipline. These are deprecative to ensure order, discipline and app ropriate observance of work ethics and moral conduct expected of employees in a professional endeavor. US Navy Stand-Off Story, Communication It is a funny but effective story that exemplifies arrogance in communication definitely turns people off.

Persuasive speech , recycling or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Persuasive , recycling - Speech or Presentation ExampleWe take these as simple daily acts of negligence but failing to name that piece of paper, plastic, glass or metal in the right trash store for recycling is tardily killing this beautiful earth we call home. Today, I am going to highlight the problem we memorial tablet when we fail to recycle and contribute to build up of trash on Earth, the benefits of recycling and the steps we tail end take as individuals and communities to help. Effects of Trash Build-up and Benefits of Recycling Recycling is one of those things we all know we extremity to do, it is in our to-do list, but we fail to do it as effectively as we have planned, or in some of us, we completely disregard it. However, there ar various reasons why we should always come back to recycle that piece of paper or plastic. In case an individual is not been very quick in making an effort to throw the empty can of soda into the trash, here are the reasons why everybody should begin recycling. First of all, recycling fundamentally reduces global warming. Our mother Earth is unfortunately feeling the do of global warming already and it is our duty as the inhabitants to take whatever initiative possible to thump down or totally eliminate the negative impacts that come with this sad phenomenon. The industrial production of authentic substantives that we use in our daily lives can release significant amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. For example, the production of new aluminum, the material used to make the cans for sodas, leads to the production of 92% more carbon dioxide that recycling old aluminum cans (Hieronymi, Ramzy and Eric 94). directly we all know from our chemistry lessons that carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases responsible for global warming and special release to the atmosphere is a resultant increase in global warming. Recycling also makes us more energy efficient as more energy is usually needed to create s omething from the rude materials than to recycle it. For instance, producing paper from trees consumes sixty four percent more energy than recycling it while hot plastic uses double the energy that would have been consumed if recycled. The energy saved when materials are reprocessed can be use in other useful areas, for instance, if only one pound of steel is recycled, the energy can be used to power a 60-watt bulb for a whole day. Is it not just intriguing how a lot we can save by remembering to throw that litter in the right trash bin? Recycling waste also keeps our landfills from overflowing as we are soon running out of office to use for dumping our litter. I believe that none of us here today would wish to imagine his landfill of trash backyard his balcony. Moreover, studies have shown that 60-70% of garbage in landfills can be recycled which implies that if we became more diligent in recycling, we would be getting rid of 60-70% of the garbage lying in the landfills (Mille r and Spoolman 555). We should also not forget that these landfills release toxicant gases that are not only harmful to us human beings, but also to the ecological carriage around them. The process also improves the quality of the earths groundwater as the garbage deposited in landfills is neer treated but just buried. Therefore, any toxic chemicals that could have present in the garbage are allowed to seep into the ground water that are used in other areas as a reference book of water for daily household usage. Furthermore, runoff rainwater from these

Musical Eras Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Musical Eras - Essay samplea. Chants The earliest commonly known music was most probably medieval chants. This type of music was lay out in Jewish and early Christian music and consisted of chanting or singing the Psalms. Chants were developed to regionally to follow local liturgies. Monks often were responsible for singing the chants. One early Monk made a big impression on medieval music. Guido dArrezo, an Italian Monk, created the original Do, Re, Me, using his hand (Neff, 2007). The Guidonian script was a chart that put notes on the right hand. This easy to learn chart was a corpse to help people learn the notes. His original Do, Re, Me sounded much like the song Julie Andrews interpret in the 1959 musical comedy The Sound Of Music (Neff, 2007). During his lifetime dArrezo trained singers at a local cathedral.The Roman Catholic Church made good use of chants using them in their daily and special masses. Most European or American educated individuals are familiar with Grego rian Chants that were very much a department of the early Catholic Church literagy.b. Goliards Goliards are best described as poet-musicians. These musicians were made up of scholars who sang and recited poetry in Latin. It is believed they played a big part in the development of the Troubadours. Some Goliards were unsanctified and some were religious. Because they were scholars and literate they were able to write songs down.

Roles of International Financial Institutions Essay

Roles of International pecuniary Institutions - Essay ExampleInternational monetary institutions betroth under external impartialitys and this regulation applies to their roles. The institutions also operate and dispense their duties with a ball-shaped focus according to the international laws and policies. The international financial institutions therefore appliance international laws and policies. This paper will therefore analyze the roles of international financial institutions and their importance in the attention of globular risks. The World Bank is the largest and the most common international financial institution. The World Bank offers financial assistance to countries especially the developing countries as its important duty. The institutions mainly targets and finance development projects in the concerned countries with the aim of reducing poverty or assisting the countries to achieve global development goals. The international monetary ancestry the IMF has rol es similar to the roles of the World Bank although the institution specializes in monitoring global economy. International financial institutions (IFI) deals with global financial matters however, their duties are influenced by global politics. International financial institutions implements global policies and this link them with the global politics. The main duty of the IFI is maintaining economic and financial stability in different countries. Maintaining stable economies is an important part of international development. To play this role the institutions provides deposit and loans facilities to the concerned countries. This effort enables the institutions to actively control and monitor the flow of pecuniary resource in these countries. These institutions work together with other international organizations such as the UN to carry come forward their duties. Although these multinational organizations establish full control over the international financial institutions, the i nstitutions have their own duties and agenda. Poverty eradication and economic stability of developing countries cannot be achieved without peace and stability in the have-to doe with countries and therefore the IFI have maintaining peace and stability in these countries as their secondary objective. The institutions influence the government of the concerned countries by fix their financial capabilities. This is achieved through offering of loan and financial sanctions to the concerned governments. This enables the IFI to control the monetary flow of the involved countries or their financial capabilities. The institutions also target the governments of the involved countries in order to maintain political stability. This enables the institutions to conjure up global and regional stability through stable economies. Maintaining stability is an indirect role of the IFI aimed at enhancing global economic stability and development. The maintaining global and regional stability is a me thod of implementing international humanitarian law that is one of the duties of the institutions. Global financing operations are financial procedures and analysis. Global financial operations allow in financial operation procedures such as accounting, strategic planning investment, financial analysis, and compliance (Hirschey, 2009). These procedures are carried out on a global scale and hence global financial operation reference. Global financial institutions have global duties and responsibilities. The institutions are therefore responsible for carrying out the global financial

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Company Law - Essay ExampleThe House of Lords also held that once a family is in integratedd, it acquires a legal status or psycheality that gives it the capacity to sue or be sued under its own name5. This implies that a guild can file civil or legal proceedings against any person including the members who form it in its own name as noted by Talbot6. At the same time, the shareholders of the company can sue the company in its own name in courting of breach. The House of Lords further noted that a legal entity in the form of a company exists unceasingly it is only when a company is liquidated or wound up that it stops to exist legally. This implies that the death of members of a company does not affect the existence of the company. Since the company is a soften entity, it will continue to wage even if all the members who formed it are dead7. This is attributable to the fact that the company will acquire different members such as through the issuance of shares or debentures t o ensure its continuity8. The company can also hold workers in its own name to ensure its effective and efficient operation. Based on the precedence institute by the House of Lords in Salomon v Salomon (1897) it is enshrined in English law that when an entity is incorporated, it is considered to be a separate legal personality. In this respect, the entity becomes separate from the individuals or organizations who take part in it. In other words, the owners and directors of the company or members of the company considered to be separate from the company. For a company that is limited by shares, the law assumes that it exists perpetually irrespective of the changes that may occur with respect to its constitution and membership. Furthermore, an incorporated entity can own any frame of property and hence has... This paper approves that the court further considered whether the subsidiaries were agents of the parent or not and analysed the situation from the corporate veil point. The Court of Appeal rejected the notion of treating the sights as a single economic entity and held that the engage of justice did not feature as criteria for lifting the veil. The Court further held that that agency did not apply in the case very much as sham and fraud did not apply in the same case. In making a ruling, the court noted that only three circumstances warranted the unveiling of a company where a company is merely a facade, where a court is making interpretation of a statute, and when the subsidiary company is an agent of the parent.This report makes a conclusion that a company is accorded equal treatment to that that may be given to any other independent individual. If for example, a sole trader incorporates his or her business and engages in contracts through the company as opposed to using his or her own name, then the company by law is not considered a trustee or agent of the sole proprietor. The existence of the new person that is the company survives its members, directors, shareholders, and employees for as long as it has not been liquidated or wound up. In as much as the Salomon case upholds the notion of separate legal personality, courts sometimes go to the extent of lifting the veil of corporation to establish the human faces behind the companies.

IT163 Unit 5 BD Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IT163 Unit 5 BD - Research Paper ExampleThe core condition brings the relationship between the rows of one table and the rows of another table. The join interrogation enables a examination to select all number of columns from more than dickens tables (Connolly, & Begg, 2005). If two of these tables have a column which share the same touch, hence all the qualifying name attributes of the columns will be used so that the queries will have the name of the table that is used. Join query come in many flavors according to the location where the join query will be located. There are conditions that join query will work. A join query will either work under WHERE clause or FROM clause. These are the conditions that will enable join queries to work. This is in aimportant aspect which should be looked into when undertaking and creating join queries. In an example where there are two tables holding persons information and the order information, if one wants to get some data from the two ta bles (Connolly, & Begg,

Society (Immigration) U.S Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Society (Immigration) U.S - Movie Review ExampleAvalons journey begins with a polish-Jewish family, laced up with strong family ties and attachment for almost every reason like love, respect, care and integrity. (Gustafson, 2004) Krachinskys clan go to the States and settled in Baltimore in 1914 with hopes and spirit to earn pleasure and harmony, wanted to experience the wonders of America and it limitless possibilities plainly unfortunately they approach unpleasant changes in their strong family network and no longstanding remained compassionate about their deep traditional roots. They multiplied into generations and got success in their financial statuses but betd some heartbreaking problems when their 2nd and 3rd generation moved away from family bounding and pursued for American ideology. Krachinsky brought on their fine cultural, traditional and spiritual values which were later eroded by the strong social forces and were replaced by the modernize American Culture. (Paul Haspel, 2008) The story revolves around three main changes that the family suffered through, firstly when the family started moving to suburbs, Secondly Levinson forceful on the get together with the extended families on special days like thanksgiving or church days, was no longer practiced or enjoyed together on a long dinner table in fact, gradually shrunk to small tables after the arrival of television, Third and the main point was that the bring home the bacon generation started replacing their family names. The youth was driven slowly and gradually into cultural assimilation where they forgot their roots and traditional practices and ran for the charisma that the American Society carries. The limelight of fast pace American life has always attracted commonwealth regardless of their beliefs. This is what impressed Sam when he first stepped in America and cut the biggest and brightest celebrations and he recognise that he made the right decision. Later he was proven wrong w hen he experienced the approximative attitudes from his own son and his wife. Levinson has brilliantly pictured the generation gap with all its components like adaptation of peeled technological advancements, upgrading lifestyles by moving to suburbs and doing a white collar jobs, replacement of their own sir names and property American names. (Haspel, 2008) The detoriation of cultural heritage effected and poisoned Sam gradually and ultimately when he finally saw his grandson visiting him in old home. It is about all immigrants who face such issues like language difference, religious difference and on the whole color differences. Whatever the picture, media and Hollywood presents, the problems that immigrants from all around the field face remains there but they have no direct way to popularize it therefore the world accept the picture which is neatly painted by the American media that how immigrants have successfully accomplished in America, ignoring the fact that they have sa crificed their precious norms in terms of their moral, religious and cultural values to get this moneymaking(a) improvement in life. There is no doubt that American land is charismatic, full of glitz and glam but at the same time it heavily lacks family life and discipline of human life which can neer lose its essence no matter how much we progress and achieve in our life. Levinson developed an frightening piece with a

Knowledge Managemenet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Knowledge Managemenet - Essay ExampleThe essay will further crumble the function and role of knowledge establishment. Further, the cases of confused real-life eruditeness organisation would be discussed along with the probable challenges, so as to recommend how an organisation can transform into a learning organisation. Peter Senge and his fifth backer for learning organisations The concept of learning organisation has been coined by Peter Senge and his associates. It assist organisation to shift towards an unified mode of thinking. According to this concept, the organisations should be interchangeable communities, towards which employees atomic number 18 committed. there should be a drive to compute harder and achieve recognition within the employees. Organisation cannot be drastically restructured into learning organisations, but it is the changes in policies that tote up about a gradual transformation (Senge, 1990). Peter Senge has stated in an interview that in learni ng organisations people do work in group to attain group goals and enhance the capabilities of the organisation. He popularised this concept through his book called The Fifth Disciple (Infed., 2013a, 2013b). Figure 1 The Fifth Discipline Source (Authors Creation) There are certain characteristics that a learning organisation must possess. Firstly, system thinking must go in an organisation. This framework assists employees to understand businesses as bounded objects. System thinking encourages every characteristics or instruction in an organisation to be apparent, so that goals can be achieved transparently. Secondly, personal mastery that is the commitment of individuals towards their work is important. Staff training Individual learning and development is a competitive advantage for the firm. Thirdly, the mental modes, which are the assumption of the individuals, decide what perception the employees have for the organisation (Senge, 1990). Fourthly, there must be shared mount ain in the organisation to motivate the employees for attaining group goals. Last but not the least, an environment of team learning is necessary that will increase the capacity to solve problems faster in an organisation (Infed., 2013a, 2013b). Challenges to Transform into a Learning Organisation It has been stated in the book called The Dance of Change that there are various reasons as to why an organisation energy face trouble in transforming into a learning organisation. The head start issue might be that the organisation lacks enough time. The management and the employees in the organisation have early(a) significant issues to ponder over than trying to bring about a change in the organisational culture. It might happen that the employees or teams cannot spare time for training and change management process within the organisation (Senge et. al., 1999). The organisation might not be having appropriate expertise workforce to transform the work guide into a learning organisat ion (Senge, 1990). In such case an appropriate solution, mentors and training programmes are required. era is the most significant element that is required because a comprehensive discussion on the actual issues should be done, problems should be discussed and training programmes should be linked in order to make the transformation process easier. However, challenges like convincing older employees for training and learning processes and co-ordinating human resource, operations and resources give rise to

Puppet Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Puppet Project - Assignment ExampleThe barbarianren that I worked with unfeignedly liked making Jacob, the lion, and were making suggestions on what he should look like. They even tried the puppet on used it and made more puppets.Puppets are for learning and having fun while learning. Puppetry is a form of inventive art where stitchery, weaving, painting, drawing and even mobiles can be used all together to cleanse childrens learning in all facets of school and home issues.Cognitive- The child pass on learn how to use delivery to express themselves through the use of puppets and stories they make up themselves. They lead use their returning skills to make their puppets, think of a story, and use their puppet to present a short play to the class.Social- The child will move with other children while making the puppet and putting on their own puppet shows. The child will be able to start discussions and learn to follow-through till the project is completed. The child will be le arning proper conversation skills.Emotional- The child will learn how to express themselves through the use of these puppets. The child overcome shyness, attention-problems and will be able to complete project to completion and make friends.Physical- The child will improve their manual dexterity when using their hands and arms to manipulate the puppets mouth. They will also in some cases learn to control their whole bodies to contol puppet depending on the size of the puppet. The will also improve hand-eye coordination when the

BUS599 - Integrative Project, Mod 5 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BUS599 - Integrative Project, Mod 5 SLP - see ExampleThe pricing for the other ingatherings X6 and X7 move over to undergo strategic compend and appropriate changes in distinguish to retain and improve the familiarity based on the outrideing ii overlaps. The New Year solemnization comes at the beginning of the social class 2016, but we realize that the celebration experience was not valuable because the year 2015 did not end with better performance. This calls for an psychoanalysis of the performance of the last two years so as to determine the major causes of low performance and make better decisions for the future. As we compare the results for the last two Time Warps, we allocate appropriate decisions that will improve the performance for 2016. We then take the results through the analysis of Cost, Volume and Profit to determine the differences in results obtained. Simulation We begin simulation by analyzing each product separately. Based on the decision to discontinue product X5 in the year 2015, we will beginning have an analysis of the products X6 and X7, then a separate analysis for product X5 in order to know whether to remain as discontinues or return to the market. We will have the simulation results as follows Product X6 The X6 has existed for the last 5 years, and was discontinued for 2016 as a result of having attained market saturation point. ... Its pricing depends on parameters for risque performance and cost effectiveness. It has not reached its saturation point in the market hence it is not discontinued. It counter to the year 2016. Year 2014 2015 2016 Price 275 250 246 Results and Decisions The simulations indicate that product X5 and X6 do not make it to the year 2016. twain of them reach saturation points and they no longer attract customers. Product X7 continues in the market in 2016 and the first time customers continue to increase. The results can be interpreted to mean that as long as in that respect is a product whose c ustomers depend on a single attribute, it will certainly attain a saturation point of the price and looses the power to retain customers. At the same time it fails to attract virgin customers as in the case of product X5 and X6. It leads the management of Clipboard inking pad Company to consider producing more of product X7 than the others. Difference in Results using CVP Analysis (Cost, Volume and Profit) The analysis of cost, volume and profits enables a company to develop and focus on the approaches that will introduced in connection to the product pricing (Williams & Williams, 2010). It also focuses on the needs of research programs that can improve the productivity and customer satisfaction index of a company. Clipboard Tablet Company can now formulate and implement the strategies that on the basis of Cost, Volume and Profit analysis (CVP). CVP analysis will enable Clipboard Tablet Company to determine the best strategy to use in connection to the pricing of the three product s. It also determines when a particular product should be discontinued depending on the contemporary ranges of tablets prices in the market (Drury, 2007). A CVP analysis is an

Crime Trends in Chicago, IL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Crime Trends in scratch, IL - Essay Examplereported at the cartridge holder when the total population of the city stood at less than three million this resulted in a lay out of murder of about thirty four percent per whiz hundred thousand. However, the city started experiencing considerable devolve in the cases of murder from the social class 1992, whereby the total murder cases fell to sise hundred and forty one in the year 1999. The city has fewer number of cases of murder in the year 2002 even though the outrank was still quite higher(prenominal) that some other cities.Chicago horror statistics show a general downward pattern in criminal issues based on the data from eleven years, whereby angry there has been a significant decrease in violent and holding crime. On the basis of this trend, we get under ones skin that the rate of crime in Chicago for the year 2011 has seen a significant fall as compared to 2009. Chicagos city violent crime in the year 2009 was higher as compared to national rate of violent crime averaged by one hundred and sixty two percent and the rate of city property crime was higher as compared to the rate of national property crime by forty percent (Zhang 129). In the year 2009, the rate of city violent crime in Chicago was higher as compared to the rate of violent crime in Illinois by one hundred and twenty six percent and the rate of city property crime in Chicago was higher compared to the rate of property crime in Illinois by fifty five percent. The rate of crime in Chicago keep its free fall in April, 2011, which marked the twenty eighth consecutive months that a decline in the violent crime had been reported by the Chicago Police department (Zhang 130).The rate of homicide during the last year was the lowest to be experienced in the city since the year 1965 (Federal Bureau of Investigation 12). However, according to the crime numbers that were reported by the Chicago Police department this year, it appears that the fre efall in the rate of homicide is going to continue. in that respect have been about seventeen less homicides

International Strategic Alliances(PROJECT TO WRITE IN ACADEMIC REPORT) Essay

International Strategic Alliances(PROJECT TO WRITE IN ACADEMIC REPORT) - Essay Exampleriteria Decision Making (MCDM) in order to assist the managers of automobile companies when deciding for the best partner alliance and optimize several business goals all at the same time.This hide will not only summarize the theoretical foundation of the look for but also advert its basic assumptions, research hypothesis, research methodology, and its contribution to the international business literature.In response to globalization, international strategic alliances is now being use as a business strategy in terms of maximising the companies of economics of scale, increasing the efficiency of production in response to the fast changing market environment, authorise the business in terms of penetrating a new market, improve the companys militant advantage within the domestic and global market, expand the business opportunities of a business organization, reduce the speak to of production, and create new business opportunities for the company among others (Czinkota, Ronkainen, & Moffett, 2009, pp. 3 6 Wright & Dana, 2003). In line with this, strategic alliances are being used to enable companies establish a long-term business relationship with other companies in order to increase the companys competitiveness with its competitors (Shahanaghi & Yavarian, 2010).The purpose of the chosen reading will be provided in this report by discussing the main objective of the article. Eventually, the article written by Shahanaghi & Yavarian (2010) entitled MODM-MCDM arise to Partner Selection in Auto Industry. A Case Study on Mazda of Iran will be summarized in this report. As part of summarizing the theoretical foundation of the research including its basic assumptions or the research hypothesis, research methodology, and the contribution of Shahanaghi & Yavarians article in the international business literature will be tackled in details.Shahanaghi & Yavarian (2010) analyzed the international strategic alliances in automobile indusrty

Cultural diversity in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

heathen multifariousness in America - Essay ExampleCulture influences basic eachy in the way of behavior, way of living, and way of speech. It is a habit formation that takes place when one grows in a bulgeicular society and the essential quality to learn from his surrounding in order to cope up with his environment is the unique part of character inherent in human being which develops while growing in the community. Culture has square(p) influence in groups and individual each human is the product of the ending where he lives that even has an unconscious influence on each human it has become human identification.Most of the society has their own ending and are proud of its culture, and when two or more cultures come in contact together on that point arises a diversity in that culture. United State is highly enriched with cultural diversities as people from all over the world settled here leading to cultural differences. Most of Americans face cultural differences in their l ife. Globalization brought the world together and with the development of global economic system and the rise of inter tribeal cooperation and melody community has helped to bring people from all over the world with different cultures into face-to-face contact. It has been a providing tribute for every one, hence people from all over the world are migrating to America, and America is a nation with diverse cultures and has always taken pride in their diversity. Culture has always attracted anthropologists, educators, historians, and sociologists to explore various aspects of culture and its implications in their field. The diversity of culture also brought conflicts between various cultural groups and caused various social problems. Cultural diversity in America has been a matter of debate and people from different cultures face problems in schools, colleges, universities, institutions, government and business circleWhat constitutes race and ethnic character of human is the out war d corporeal and

Team project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team vomit up - Essay ExampleExecutive members receive a reinforcement of up to two percent reward on Costco purchases per year.( Costco.com)Company vision as put forward by its founder, Jim Sinegal, is to give the customer the discloseperform value we can. His strategic vision is to give customers the best value and at the right price. He stressed the importance of treating people right and with respect. It works under the philosophy of To keep apostrophizes put down and pass savings to customers. (costco.com)Costco sells automotive supplies, sporting goods, hardware, apparels, jewelry, toys, electronic goods and health aids. Away from the usual business activities, COSTO offers adept and non technical services based on different forte such as travel operations to financial investments. Other services of COSTCO includes COSTCO Photo Center, COSTCO Travel, Food Service and Shopping. In 2010, the company branched out to publishing, and has started to publish books and calendar s. (Success Story. 2015)Costco does not raise prices because it believes it will be its downfall. In order to offer lower prices than competitors, it espouse a mark-up price of only 15 percent which is much lower than department stores. Department stores, fit in to Bond, Ronald, 2015,has a mark-up of 50 percent. Costco keeps its price down because they sell in bulk so that a cost of operation is down.Costco distribute its products through its international warehouse designed buildings located at various international sites. Costco has 672 warehouses in various regions, majority of which are in America. Few are located in Asia, such as there are 20 COSTCO warehouse stores in Japan, 11 in South Korea, 10 in Taiwan and 7 in Australia. It has also opened an internet website to keep abreast with competition, with save shipping and discounts to members. It limits distribution of its products by carrying

Natural disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Natural contingency - Essay ExampleThe disastrous effect of the earthquake in Haiti needs quick management and circumspection from the rest of the world and proper utilization of all the methods accessible for restoration of the country are primal to save people in this part of the world.An article in the New York Times was published in January 2010 bearing the title Thinking almost a New Haiti. This article provides an insight into the destruction that stricken Haiti as a result of the earthquake. It explains the fact that many people lost their lives in this disaster and the al-Q attentiona in the country became destroyed and people became stranded. It puts forward the fact that counties of the world including United States and Canada have started negotiating for aid and help to redevelop this country into a New Haiti. The author has also presented suggestions for quick recovery which include the utilization of the sources which the country has efficiently, spreading the peo ple around the country to small towns and villages for the promotion of jobs and better brio as well as the development of the roads and other structural requirements of the country. Foreign help and economic aid from Haitians who are settled in different countries has also been put forward in the article.Thinking about a new Haiti by the author is a subject that needs to be brought up and has been explained by the author perfectly. He has used language to create a proper connection between the hoary Haiti and provided an insight into the development of the New Haiti. The author explains the poor condition of the people in a classify manner with these words, In old Haiti there is still mostly horror. It is a nation of the homeless and maimed. notwithstanding a stunning global surge of aid, many survivors still lack water, food and tents. With this explanation he puts forward the importance of the aid that the Haitians require. The author coordinates his article in a manner to e xplain to

‘The Bloody Chamber, the characters and elements of gothic Essay Example for Free

The Bloody Chamber, the characters and grammatical constituents of gothic EssayThe genre of gothic literature contains both(prenominal) elements of horror and romance, with an desolate fe manly, a powerful male (usually the quintessential villain), as well as themes to do with the supernatural as key features included in the novel. In this chapter, elements of the gothic begin in the really title of the book the bloody in The Bloody Chamber associates the idea of death and gore, a more horrific element of the gothic genre the Chamber itself now sounds more claustrophobic and similar to a torture chamber, due to the link to blood. However, blood can be interpreted in different ship expressive style throughout the extract, even in a romantic way in this example the wedding coiffurewrapped up inred ribbon. Juxtaposing the red of the ribbon with the white of the countersink (which symbolises innocence) could even out the staining of virgin blood on a pure dress, or scarrin g of ones sinlessness with blood, to represent taking somebodys identity with them the person who took her virginity is the one shell belong to for the rest of her life. non scarcely is there a presence of a pure and desirable female (the wedding dress hed bought me hinting at the fact he wants her and he shall buy her this wedding dress and her bewilder a dress so as to encourage her to marry him), who is dominated by a male (he bought her the dress, instead of letting her choose the designa controlling character), but the fact there is a transition from everyday life to something bigger is also a major element of the gothic genre. passage at the very beginning of the novel is also illustrated in another gothic novel genus Dracula (when Harker is travelling to Transsylvania to Count Draculas castle). The female character is travelling from her home, the narrow bedroom (she) had left-hand(a) behind forever into the unguessable country of marriage. This brings forward a sense of excitement and uncertainty as to whether marriage ordain live up to her expectations or worsen her intentions of getting away from poverty whether it will make her happier.The narrator of the chapter, clearly a female, seems to drive home a mixture of characteristics, making it difficult to demo her true personality. From the beginning of the chapter, she seems a rather passionate but at the same time innocent figure my burning cheeks pressed against the faultless linen of the pillow. The burning of her cheeks suggests a fast function of blood, blood now being represented in a different way for passion and excitement.The impeccable pillow brings forward an image of a white crispy pillow, untouched beforehand, just equal a virgin. The two opposites placed together, one on top of the other, juxtaposes passion and innocence which could be interpreted in several ways both the school and bride juxtaposed together to form opposites, or the narrators character, confusing the aud ience on purpose. This point makes the narrator unreliable, as we do not particularly earn her real character at this point in the book. And I remember the fact she is using her retentivity as a point of narration, instead of the present day actions makes her even more unreliable as we cannot trust what she may and may not remember. A journal or another character could have made her story more reliable otherwise. An unreliable narrator is a huge element of gothic literature, and the fact that the female character is the unreliable narrator so far, breaks the boundaries of gothic literature (as only male villains were described as such before).However the male character in the chapter remains unreliable to the reader. He seems mysterious, and not described in major detail the only details collated by the reader argon the fact he is fairly rich (bought her the wedding dress, as well as a luscious dress for her mother), rather controlling over his future bride ( the girl abandoned her items in her room perchance because he wouldnt let her bring her possessions with her).The lack of description set by the narrator only leaves the reader to guess to his personality, but it also shows that the girl isnt particularly excited by her groom, maybe preferring not to mention or think about him as it may discomfort her. Her mother seems like a matured character, one who developed from the girl who sacrificed her rich background and family for love, but after losing him, fought her way for her and her filles survival. Having seen this change in her, her daughter must have looked up to her which is where her sensible side comes from (I come I want to marry him having to marry the man).This woman doesnt seem to fit in whatsoever context in gothic, apart from when the groom gives her identity in the gothic genre by gifting her a shocking dress, which to me symbolises decay and the overlooked, he is showing the girl the person she will one day rise into, therefor e degrading the females in that family into white and black, differentiating their characters but also showing the link between them what the black once was, and what the white shall one day turn into.The male characters described in the chapter the father and the groom both seem honourable, either due to civil service or the amount of money they atomic number 18 worth, and atomic number 18 most certainly recognised for it. This is shown by the fathers medals of honour and the grooms availability in having a treasure wife or a woman of his choice, who marries him for his moneys worth. Without his money, he wouldnt particularly have his bride.However, although the women in the chapter do seem honourable in their own way, such as the mother surviving the hardships of poor life without a husband and the daughter making a gritty decision in marrying someone she isnt in love with for economic purpose (and both severe to overcome a loved mans death in hard times) they are not enti rely recognised for it. Instead, the young lady could be passed off as rather naive, due to the raptus (or exaggeration) of her descriptions, and the woman as having no purpose other than mourn her husbands death and her daughters departure.There is already a difference in the male-female importance and stereotype ratio, making the former already (either purposefully or accidentally) sexist in their workthis being another key element of gothic literature. However this could also be counter argued by stating that neither of the characters on the page are named, therefore are still all equals. In conclusion, the opening chapter introduces the characters to a good level of intelligence for the audience and throws essential elements of gothic literature (exaggeration, juxtaposing, and sexism, symbolism) to set the mood.

Scholarship Essay Essay Example for Free

Scholarship Essay EssayLife as a university student really court lots of money to well sustain high living fees, books, pocket money and loads more. As the first daughter from a big family consisting three brothers and two sisters, with all of us still poring over, it is sullen for my parents to put up a solid economic status. If I was selected to receive this prestigious scholarship by whatsoever jeopardy, it would lighten the burdens bear by my parents and perhaps the extra money can be used for my siblings academician purposes. For the date being, I am currently applying to pursue bachelor degree in Science mathematical statistician at University of Curtin, Perth for July 2013s intake. Thus, this scholarship fits my criteria and hopefully it can realize my dream to be full sponsored for studying overseas. Based on my previous well-rounded records, I am considerably excellence in studies and have good grades for my latest academic results. Literally, this scholarship ca n support my financial background and would broaden my chance to deem scroll after three years full-time studying Science Actuary at Curtin University.See more how to start a scholarship essayFractions, formulas and numbers conquer a puffy portion of my favourite chapter. I have very strong inclination towards calculation since high indoctrinate and being an actuary would help me to apply what I have learnt before into the daily life. So farther I have known, industries have an increasing demand each year for the graduates from this discipline and it would be a guarantee sign of massive job vacancies for an actuary in the future. Besides, I keen to work on mathematic solutions and deal with critical thinking for hours rather than memorizing facts.Not to mention about it highest-paid-job in Malaysia, this is a gift as an actuary. Based on my experiences, I can cope well in risky tasks and it is a golden opportunity for me to train myself working under pressure and manage my time wiser. Hopefully, the knowledge that Ive gained throughout the years, qualified me to be a respectable, skill-fully actuary to improve myself better and for the sake of nation and industry.In order to establish a great-persistent future, I made myself a general framework which include in planning to be among the top, successful graduates from this discipline. Then, I am keen to pursue my study into postgraduate at former university and doing some researches for about two years. By the age of twenty seven, I plan to hold a doctoral degree at another prominent university. This shall widen my horizon of thinking and arrive at me plenty of worth experiences.While doing my thesis, I reckon to work with PNB or any others banking companies. It safe time and more profitable to work while accomplishes the thesis, just like killing two birds with a stone. maybe it sounds too ambitious, but we must shot beyond the stars so that when we fall, we fall onto the fluffy clouds.

Evergreen’s administrators Essay Example for Free

evergreen plants administrators EssayWindows emcee 2003 is a better and a more efficient version of Windows 2000 such that it takes its best features and creates a organization that is easier to manage and utilise. This paper will discuss some of the benefits that Windows legion 2003 will bring to a enceinte organization such as Evergreen Health. Discussion Evergreen is a big organization that mastervides health insurance by dint ofout the state. It is bigger now after acquiring several other smaller health insurance providers.Therefore, it needs a system that is reliable and friendly enough to cater to such an organization. Windows Server 2003 will benefit Evergreen in a number of ways. First of all, Windows Server 2003 is highly strong and easily available. The Microsoft Cluster service now has around eight-node clusters that are divided geographically (Microsoft, 2008). This is beneficial because no matter what branch of Evergreen requires the system, it will be ava ilable and guaranteed to work reliably. Windows Server 2003 is easy to install, use, and handle.It has a similar interface to that of Windows 2000, a server already used by the staff. A wizard makes frame-up very easy even for servers that do not have a dedicated administrator (Microsoft, 2008). This is specially important for Evergreen because its employees have little knowledge about newer systems. It will be easy to use by anyone. Active Directory is the servers directory that helps to store knowledge about objects on the network. It becomes easier for administrators to find this information because it becomes logically organized.This will be very convenient for Evergreens administrators. Connecting the different areas and locations of Evergreen through intranets and extranets make security very vulnerable and hence, vital. Windows Server 2003 provides a number of measures to provide this kind of security. It has bundle restriction policies and easily encryptable data that can be used to prevent viruses and other malicious code. The defile caused by these can be immense. The Windows Rights Management Services prevents unauthorized access anywhere.A big pro for Evergreen is that this servers Intelligent File Storage allows the firm to increase document trade protection and it makes them more available. Users can access earlier files easily with the use of the servers new ghost copy restore feature. This is big for Evergreen because it must have millions of records that need handling and more importantly, protection. It in like manner furthers backup which is very important for an insurance organization. In todays fast-paced business world, in order to remain competitive today, it is extremely essential to have an efficient and secure system.Windows Server 2003s Web server IIS 6. 0 provides improved security and a steady design that offers application separatism (Microsoft, 2008). It also provides XML Web Services that will allow the firm to easily di scover Web function and other programmatic resources. Conclusion In conclusion, the Window Server 2003 will be a valuable enthronement for Evergreen Health because this firm has to deal with millions of people and their essential records. Windows Server 2003 will greatly facilitate the organization, storage and backup of these records securely and reliably.Other than that, it is easy to use which is indispensable for Evergreens employees. For this reason, Evergreen should go for it.BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Microsoft (2008). Top 10 Benefits of Windows Server 2003. Retrieved June 26, 2008 from Microsoft. Websitehttp//www. microsoft. com/windowsserver2003/evaluation/whyupgrade/top10best. mspx 2. Microsoft (2002). Windows Server 2003 Product Overview. Retrieved June 26, 2008 from Microsoft TechNet. Website http//technet. microsoft. com/en-us/windowsserver/bb429524. aspx

Female Drill Sergeant Essay Example for Free

Female utilisation Sergeant Essay application sergeant (DS) refers to the term that is utilise in United States war machine by the army, marine corps and air force. Becoming a practice session sergeant discharge be through volunteering or by selection. The minimum status for attaining this state can only be at the rank of staff sergeant. Once a selected candidate, he/she should attend the Drill Sergeant School where he/she undergoes training on various aspects of the commit sergeant position. The historical expound up of course session sergeant was in 1962. This sweep uped a directive by the deposit of the army to his secretary who was Stephen Ailes to prompt a survey conduct of the recruiting mathematical operation of the army corps. This survey took some long quantify and included surveys from the Air Force, Marine and the Navy training techniques. Various faults were found in the recruitment process and thus led to the position of the praxis sergeant. The basic di stinguishing feature for the drill sergeants was their hats. (http//www. jackson. army. mil/DSS/headgear. htm)However, since its inception in 1962, the position was not held by a egg-producing(prenominal) until 1972 where distaff drill sergeants were pronounced recruited and even prone different hats than those held by their male counterparts. The design of their hat was done by Mildered C. Bailey who was a brigadier general. ecru was the first female person drill sergeant hat though it was youthfulr replaced with one of dark kelvin in 1983. Between 1984 and 1985, a proposal was made for an official switch by the female drill sergeants in having the same hat to what was owned by the male drill sergeants.On the same point, a larger group of female drill sergeants who were at TRAining and DOctrine Command (TRADOC) unit leveraged massive opposition to the proposal. It was reciprocated by the Army Chief of Staff that the female drill sergeants were to continue in corroding the s ame female drill sergeant hats that they used to wear. The female drill sergeant started in the late of 1971 when the continental army commandant received an official approval as permission from the army top dog of staff to propagate comprehension of females in the drill sergeant state class.Starting in the February of 1972, the program saw promotion of six female non-commissioned ships officers in the program. They underwent thorough training after which they were given the designate of their positions as female drill sergeants. In the United States, the female drill sergeant refers to a non-commissioned officer within the armed forces. She has the duty of participating in the initiation of the recruitment process of new recruits who enters the military. In the recruitment process the sergeant is supposed to follow the legal renders and jurisdictions of the practices and customs of the military forces.The inclusion of the female drill sergeants in the army since 1971 was a si gnificance factor that helped in shaping the constitution of the army. Equality was signified after breaking the traditions that ignored females in the position of drill sergeants. (http//www. armystudyguide. com/content/Drill_Sergeant_Resources/drill_sergeant_information/female-campaign-hat. shtml) alike(p) the male drill sergeants, a female drill sergeant is usually held responsible in the behavior, military education and warfare of the army recruits assigned to her. She is therefore supposed to provide full support during the initial period of the training process.They are paused with various responsibilities of ensuring physical training, weapons training and the military discipline. Their service delivery and the protocols to follow while at their service delivery is guided by the drill sergeant creed which they should follow. Generally, this is a guiding formula towards their capacities. The three levels of the army, that is the marine, air force and army have different sets of such a creed though their intention is made to serve and secure almost the same set of guidelines for the female drill sergeants.Conceptually, female drill sergeants at the three levels of the military army are also defeat to different duties and different training requirements. Due to the different requirements of these military professional levels the training needs and the roles of the female drill sergeant has been different. However, the general role across the board for all levels for these female drill sergeants has been to monitoring device the training process of the new recruits and guiding of such training needs. (http//www.wood. army. mil/mncoa/dss/history. htm) Since the provision of female drill sergeants in 1971, the position of female drill sergeants have been legally constituted and especially with the growing convey for army professionals. However, the position has always been competitively bided and requires both physical and academic competencies. The numb er of the current female drill sergeants has been seen to increasingly expand and giving more opportunity for the female participation in the position.The soon changing social structures and need for human security has endorsed a credited place for the female drill sergeant. The current military environment has even mandated her with supervisory and command powers at her capacity for those she is training. Therefore, historical provision that allowed only male drill sergeants was disregarded in 1971 after visualizing the productive capacity that women could play in the military. Elsewhere, the growing demand of equal employment opportunity was significant for this change.Currently, female drill sergeants continue to bask equal opportunities like their male colleagues in their position.Reference History of Drill Sergeant. Retrieved on 25th princely 2008 from http//www. wood. army. mil/mncoa/dss/history. htm Female Drill Sergeant Campaign Hat. Retrieved on 25th August 2008 from htt p//www. armystudyguide. com/content/Drill_Sergeant_Resources/drill_sergeant_information/female-campaign-hat. shtml Drill Sergeant School. Retrieved on 25th August 2008 from http//www. jackson. army. mil/DSS/headgear. htm

CO 2520 Prejudice Quiz Essay Example for Free

CO 2520 Prejudice Quiz canvas1. Punishing those who be make water in disfavour ways is A- the quickest solution to ending the problems of invidious behavior. B a response that is impossible since most prejudiced behavior is difficult to observe or prove. C unlikely to make a major difference since those who argon the most prejudiced tend to have already received more punishment than most of us have received. D Both B and C. 2. If one thinks prejudiced thoughts, one should suppress them or avoid thinking them.A Yes, Thoughts ar genuinely close to actions and one should avoid thinking negative thoughts astir(predicate) other groups of people. B none iodin should not suppress the thoughts, but should actively replace them with more positive images of the group members. C No. Prejudiced thoughts are normal and harmless they are part of being in a group. D Yes. If we dont start on a personal level to reduce prejudiced thinking, then the problems simply grow. 3. Prejudi ces dont court our society and therefore are really only a problem to those who are the victims of prejudiced behavior. A To discuss the monetary cost of prejudiced behavior is impossible.B The cost of prejudiced behavior is a human cost and is not a national economic issue. C The cost of sexism and racism entirely have been estimated at over one-half trillion dollars per year. D Both A and B are true. 4. Most people are not prejudiced. A Surveys show that well over 75 percent of people in the U. S. do not consider themselves to be racist. B Those who discriminate represent a very small proportion of the U. S. population. C Research has shown that those who identify themselves as low in prejudiced beliefs still discriminate.D Both A and C are true. 5. There are no twopenny methods of managing prejudiced behavior. A This is true because prejudiced behavior is so widespread, but we still need to try. B There are ways of managing prejudiced behavior that cost next to noth ing. C While the breeding might be expensive the long term savings are worth the investment. 6. Those who risked their own lives to go along Jewish people in Western Europe during the period that the Nazis were practicing racial extermination were more religious than those who did not try to save Jewish people. A veritable.B False 7. Those who saved Jewish people from Hitlers genocide had more resources than those who did not. A True, they had larger attics or larger basements. B False, they had no more resources. 8. Those who are in positions of authority can do a great deal to manage prejudice within the ranks of an organization. A True B False 9. Being strongly prejudiced has subaltern to do with a persons intellect functioning or ability to make other types of judgments. A True B False 10.The motive of a strongly prejudiced person who is committing an overtly prejudiced act is essentially the same as that of a person with lower levels of prejudiced behavior who i s functioning out of a stereotyped perception. A True B False 11. When a person who does not hold prejudiced beliefs behaves in a prejudiced way he or she often feels a personal sense of discomfort. A True B False 12. Those who are most strongly prejudiced toward a target group by and large know no more negative stereotypes about those they are prejudiced toward than those who are low in prejudiced behavior toward the same group. A True.B False 13. When the leading scientists of the world look at the issues that threaten our future they look at environmental concerns not prejudiced behavior. A Scientists have little agreement about the things that threaten our future and there is nothing that even looks like a consensus. B There is clear consensus among the majority of leading scientists in the world about what threatens our future and it includes concerns about prejudiced behavior.C There is clear consensus among the majority of the leading scientists in the world about w hat threatens our future and it includes concerns about prejudiced behavior, specifically sexism. 14. Sexism, racism, ageism, xenophobia, homophobia and prejudices toward those with disabilities all have basically the same dynamics. A They are all basically the same except for homophobia which functions very differently from the others. B Each is different and has its own set of dynamics. C They are all basically the same except for prejudices toward those with disabilities, which function very differently from the others. D They are all basically the same.

Gender and Socialization Essay Example for Free

Gender and Socialization EssayThe main usage of this paper is to focus on sexuality socialization. Human beings that belong to different societies have varied perceptions, opinions, and address toward socializing with the comparable or opposite sex. Categorized in the main gender types, manful and womanly are known to react in different ways when given and exposed in the same situation. Regardless of cultural norms or mores of any society in particular, interaction with peers, family, classmates, and other people work out on the manlys and females steeration in gender socialization and gender roles. Some concepts attempt to explain the gender issues faced by the two gender types. These attributions of concepts then snap an important role in understanding the different societies construct of their existing mechanisms of gender roles and expectations including the societies gender markers as determinants of sex and gender (SparkNotes, 2008). Gender Socialization Gender and socialization are two different call that have a relationship with each other.Gender refers to the portal characteristics of an individual regarding an individuals upshot of womanhood or manhood, masculinity or femininity, while socialization refers to the social and interpersonal instincts of human in interacting, communicating, and dealing with others. A newborn sister for instance, may be oriented towards its gender by its kickoff experience of socialization after being born.The infant may be more exposed to male socialization rather than female socialization or vice versa which would later on affect the behavior of the infant while growing up. Another example is the way parents choose what the appropriate move is to be played by their sons and daughters. Usually, parents buy their baby girl a mini-kitchen or ironing set to orient them (however, it is subconscious for the parents part) with the future maternal role.For the baby boys part, they are usually given toy trucks or tools for various chores in the house for the same underlying purpose. Moreover, upon receiving the presents, the girls usually react more grateful and smiling than the boys. The essence of gender socialization then, is for the infants to learn the behavior appropriate for their designated sexes (SparkNotes, 2008). ReactionBy the beat an infant reaches ten months after the day of birth, gender socialization is already executed through the infants interaction with the environment, its family members, and caretakers. This is the time when the infant starts to identify him- or herself in either of the two sexes male or female. Thus, this is also the time for newborn infants to associate the specific gender roles (the evaluates and behavior that the culture constructively defines) that are appropriate for their sex and gender.Later in the life of infants, the effects of the previous experience in gender orientation would reflect in their current behavior. Meanwhile, I should say f rom personal experience that I was mostly given a Barbie doll for Christmas or birthday present. In so doing, I grew up to become a very neat lady who has the taste for fashion and luxury Further, I attribute the idea that I have become a fashionable and finesse lady to my previous sideline of playing, dressing and undressing my Barbie doll (SparkNotes, 2008).Conclusion Gender socialization teaches the infants that would grow as adults the appropriate roles defined by culture and behaviors that are expected of them by the society. Submission to the expectations of the culture and society is important, as every backing individual has to interact with others in whatever society he or she belongs to in order to save and attain a sense of belongingness.Family, peer groups, school, mass media, and some texts play a part in honing this cultured set of beliefs regarding the appropriate roles and expected behaviors for men and women. Men who are accustomed to playing hard-boiled games i n their childhood result to be future tough guys and women are the opposite. Reference SparkNotes. (2008). Gender socialization. In SparkNotes 101 Sociology. Retrieved December 9, 2008 from http//www. sparknotes. com/101/sociology/socialization/gender_socialization. html.

Therapeutic Psychology Essay Example for Free

Therapeutic Psychology EssayIntroduction.William Glasser(1925) has developed this approach as he intrustd that looking into your sometime(prenominal) and dwelling on the past is not beneficial for the healing(p) environment. He believed that one should look at the present reality in order to achieve happiness or be content in life. He was in addition convinced that one should take responsibility for ones actions and not project it onto other issues. The basic assumption is that all any of us quite a little keep is our present lives (Corey2009. p 316) The approach is based on the Choice Theory. creation therapists carry a believe that people has a need to collect relationships with other people and that they placenot be happy if they do not have satis doery relationships with other people. The reality therapist whence helps to shape and manage the clients doings to chip in it more leaseable to society and to the people that they wish to have relationships with. The more the clients be able to combine with people, the greater the chance that they have to experience happiness.(Corey2009.p 316)When looking at behaviour from a Reality Therapy approach it is said that client choose their behaviours as a way to struggle with the frustrations caused by idle relationships(Corey2009.p 316) . The situation is however not blamed for the uncomfortably that the client is experiencing.The behaviour of the individual is blamed for it and he/she must take responsibility for their own actions. Glasser does also not agree that one should diagnose amiable illness as he thinks that people with behavioural abnormalities atomic number 18 not sick and people misfortunate from brain abnormalities, should be treated primarily by neurologists. (Corey2009.p 317) It seems that the Reality Therapy approach is of opinion that when defiant behaviour is labelled as such it gives the client an excuse to blame his unhappiness or uncomfortably on something else quite a than his own behaviour.Choice theory states that we have been born with five intrinsic need, namely survival, savour and belonging, designer or achievement, freedom or independence, and fun.(Corey2009.p 317) These five things never change still, they do differ in intensity within individuals, and that is what determines our happiness or unhappiness.Choice theory is based on the premise that because we are by nature social creatures we need to both receive and give jockey.(Corey2009.p 316) According to Corey, Glasser (2001,2005) believed that the need to love and belong is the most important of all the needs and it is also the most difficult need to play because one needs other people to fulfil the need. When we are feeling unhappy or discourage it means that one of the needs is not fulfilled and on that pointfore we do not function optimally. This can manifest in different emotional and physical symptoms.There are five characteristics of reality therapy. first of all the e mphasize of the therapy is on selections that the client makes and that the client has to take responsibility of his own live. The therapist does not pass judgment to project an image to the client and aims to be themselves in therapy and therefore reality therapy rejects transference. Some therapy approache directionses on the past and what has happened in the past and how it influences the clients behaviour, reality therapy rejects that notion and only focuses on the present as the past can not be changed and it is over and done with. The past is however not completely ignored but it is not a focus point.Reality therapy also does not focus on the symptoms but rather on the behaviour of the client and what effect that has on the present and the needs that are not fulfilled. in conclusion the reality therapy approach scraps thetraditional view of mental illness in the fact that they do not label the individual that is presenting with anti-social behaviour with a diagnose of men tal illness but rather focus on how the behaviour could be shaped into more acceptable behaviour.(Corey2009.)ConclusionThe reality therapy approach therefore holds the client responsible for his/her behaviour and attempts to change the behaviour in such a way that it is doable for the client to achieve happiness. This is done so that the client can identify his own intrinsic needs that he was born with and be able to meet those needs. The needs can only be met by having meaningful relationships with other people because human beings are social creatures. The way in which one behaves is continuously a choice that you make yourself and the uncomfortably or the comfort is a direct effect of the choice that you have make. interrogative mood 2This approach had a big influence on my self- rendering. I have always been somebody that does not dwell on the past and I could not fully understand how people blame what has happened in their past for their future behaviour. I have sometimes fel t that there must be something wrong with me because I do not often look back up at the things that have gone wrong in my life to find the reason for my present predicament. It is certainly not a matter of nothing have gone wrong in my life because plenty of squelch have happened to me and I have just refused to let it get me down and that is something that some people has arrange rather strange.The reality approach therefore gave me an come apart understanding of what I have been applying to my own live. I found the Choice theory very enlightening as it gives the person involved all the power to determine their future. I have also learnt that therapy does not have to evolve around a persons past as it is generally accepted. This therapeutic approach has given me a much better understanding of myself and therapy as a whole.Question 3The organisation that I have chosen deals with drug- and inebriant addicts. People that is in addiction is very prone to blame others or their past s to justify their actions. They also do not like to accept responsibility for their own lives and they always find some external factor to justify the situation. At H.O.W Rehabilitation Centre they apply a combination of various different therapeutic approaches in their counselling sessions.They do have an certain amount of reality therapy in their program as well. The way in which they implement reality therapy is to make the clients aware of their shortcomings and wrong behaviours and then let the residue of the clients give them certain advice or guidance to help them to find better behavioural options in the future.They are also encouraged to confront unacceptable behaviour in other clients when they are not in sessions as this makes the person that is behaving badly aware of his behaviour constantly till it sinks in that it is unacceptable. The program also holds clients accountable for thing that they do that are not allowed, teaching them to face reality and to make them ac cept responsibility for their actions. Through this process the client should also realise that they have a choice in the way they behave and that that choice has certain consequences that they must face.BibliographyCorey, G.T (2009). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy(8th ed). Belmont Thomson Brooks/ coleSection B490280491. Reality Therapy2. H.O.W Rehabilitation Center196 Main RoadStrand71403. S. Davids021-853 35794. 560 hours which was spread over 70 days in 8 hour shifts.Section C49028049Question 11. When I started doing voluntary work at H.O.W I had to first complete the 8 week program that they prolong for the rehabilitation of drug addicts. This was very challenging as you are forced to share all your secrets and you are treated like they treat the residents. It is emotionally very draining and it leaves you tired. I was also part of a group and that is something that I am not use to. I believe that going thru this experience has made me a stronger person and it has also made me aware of my strengths and weaknesses. The program has also given me the coping meganisms to deal with my own problems and with the problems that others share with me in therapy.The counselling training that was provided was also very challenging because it was very operable(a) an fast paced which led to situation that I had to face for the first time in my live. I coped with this challenge by working very closely with my supervisor and asking him a lot of questions and discussing the different challenges with him and he gave me good direction.The biggest challenge was not to be judgemental towards others even if I knew all the things that they have done. I have dealt with it by reminding myself not to judge the person but rather the behaviour as even the finish up of criminals is also people that deserves help and love.Question 2There has been plenty of low points including the time that I had a session with one of the clients and shortly after that he ran aw ay and did not come back but I have learnt from that. I have learnt that not everybody wants help and therefore you cannot help them. The mellow points of my voluntary work however out weighs the low point by far. The highest point was when Iwas offered a position as a staff member at H.O.WSection DQuestion 1a. 10b. 9c. 8d. 10e. 8f. N/Ag. 9h. 9Question 2I have enjoyed the course very much because of the fact that you must do practical work and this gives you the true idea of what therapy is all about. This is why I am studying Psychology.// oo++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16)return t,a=function(e)e=e.match(/Ss1,2/g)for(var t=,o=0o e.lengtho++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(eo,16))return t,d=function()return studymoose.com,p=function()var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocolif(p.indexOf(http)==0)return pfor(var e=0e

Dating Methods Essay Example for Free

geological dating Methods EssayFor example, pollen, bone, hair, parchment, wood, charcoal etc. 400-50000 years old. Principal that in all living things interact constantly with the ambience and we absorb Carbon 14, however at the point of death, living creatures stop absorbing ampere-second 14, and the carbon 14 is frozen. This carbon decays at a known, constant rate. AMS go out (Acceleration, Mass, spectrometry) Organic Materials From 400-70000 years old. Quicker results, oft more expensive. Also more accurate, less samples needed and less possibility of contamination. TREE-RING go out (DENDROCHRONOLOGY).Trees or all timber object made from trees. Counted by flavour at a cross section of the tree, looking at how many resounds, the ring on the inner most centre is the first growth, and the outside ring is the last. THERMOLUMINESCENCE Pottery Over 50000+ When deducing if an artefact is fake, they can turn to Thermo luminescence to deduce weather it is real. Other t ime, in the form of energy, electrons will be stored within it, and if you heat the object to 500 degrees.Celsius or more, and then in that respect is a flash of light which can be measured to see the age. POTASSIUM ARGON DATING Volcanic Rock Up to millions of years. One of the most useful for dating human evolution. Used to fight fossils. DNA TESTING Has no age limit, can be used as long as DNA is available. Shows the blueprint of an organism, is within all living or dead creatures. Useful in all matter to do with any remains, can tell us significant information. URANIUM SERIES DATING Roick including Calcium 50000 500000 years old Also useful for dating human evolution.

The Romantic Movement Essay Example for Free

The sentimentalist consummation EssayThe Romantic Movement was the beginning of a whole new form of metrical composition and was, in itself, a revolt against the very nature of the aristocracy and governmental agendas of the people in power. With that said, the Victorian Period was a shift away from Romanticism by its very literal focus on Queen Victoria and her whole reformation agenda, while the poets of the time kept the life of the Romantic Movement well within their writing.Moreover, some critics believe that song of the Victorian Period is a continuation into the tierce and fourth generation of poetry from the Romantic Movement which can be seen in the poetic books of John Keats, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Browning, and Alfred Lord Tennyson. To begin with, John Keats Ode on a Grecian Urn is perhaps one of the most(prenominal) romantic odes to an inanimate object ever seen.Near the end of the poem, in the final stanza, the speaker muses that true cut is truth , truth beauty , which can be read as an obvious teaching about love and beauty, or as a statement on the elusiveness that both true beauty and truth possess, which very remarks on the ideals behind the foundation of the Romantic Movement. Either way, Ode is as purely romantic as poetry can get and proved to lay the groundwork for future poetry of the Romantic Movement.Samuel Taylor Coleridge took a unalike path and worked on the essence of beauty in nature as the speaker in The Eolian ingeminate goes on about white flowerd Jasmin, and the broad-leavd Myrtle,/(Meet emblems they of innocence and love ) and the harps long sequacious notes/over delicious surges sink and rise/such a soft floating witchcraft of sound/as twilight Elfins make . Rarely has a more romantic statement been expressed about a simple harp, scarce Coleridge is doing more than just personification, here.His poem is making a statement that the aristocracy cannot deny political norms are out, and strong emoti on for the beauty and sublimity of nature is in. Robert Browning takes a bite out of the Victorian aristocracy as well with his poem entitled My Last Duchess. In it, Browning, though well in the Victorian era, weaves a tale of a Duke who had his last wife, the Duchess, killed because of her trampy ways which he ironically professes to admire as he looks upon her painting.But the Duke isnt done with his line of many wives and hopes to splice the Counts daughter with his dowryfor his fair daughters self . Browning is stock(prenominal) and dramatic, giving such personification to a painting, but he too speaks to the aristocracy with pure, delightful historic allusion. Alfred Lord Tennysons Ulysses strikes a completely different tune as he takes pure poetic license with his entirely enjambed lines and heroic to the point of transcendent verse.It is the tale of Ulysses (Odysseus) after he has finally returned from his 20 year voyage of hell on earth. It can be read as mans struggle for existence now that his life has been returned, but strong romantic overtones fight their way to the new wave of this poem because life is not what it used to be for Ulysses. Ulysses is no longer the symbol of man vs. nature, as he has been transformed in this poem into man vs. himself. Perhaps the rise of Queen Victoria and her control of politics and power had Tennyson parrying man vs.himself in an attempt to show the vain nature of the power players, but it can be seen from the striking emotional outpouring and powerful descriptions of nature that Tennyson remained influenced by the Romantic Movement. Overall, despite the rise of the Victorian Era, the powerful emotions and influence of the writings from the Romantic Movement refused to be replaced by odes to political figures because of the sheer amusement and pleasure poets like Browning and Tennyson found in their writings. Though they attempted to bulwark their emotional outpourings in allusions and aristocratic themes , their messages were not to be denied.

Greek Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Greek Philosophy tasteWhat Is Philosophy? Philosophy The studies of Greco-Roman thinkers on activities and inquiries. It is also the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct. Philosophy focuses on three main types Stoicism Skepticism Epicurean Philosophy consists of these philosophical areas Metaphysics Materialism Idealism Epistemology sensualism Rationalism Ethics Hedonism Cynicism Three Main Types Stoicism Refers to the knowledge of Aristotle oMind is a blank state, impressions are do by the 5 senses. Stoics deny the metaphysical points of view. oReal objects produce intense feelings. oThe body and soul are pairs that act and react to each other. Skepticism Examines as to what someone should conceptualise- derived from Platos schooling Objections on skepticism oIts commitment to inner limitation is nonexistent. oIf knowledge is limited and judgment is not expressed, life is presumed unlivable. Epicurean Formulated by Epicurus wh o believed ism was studied to make the soul happy. Happiness created with less wanting of materialistic things and more peace. Philosophical Areas Metaphysics class of ism accountable for the study of existence.oAnswers what is? The foundation of philosophy oWithout metaphysics, we would not be able to comprehend the domain of a function or act accordingly to it. Materialism Refers to the simple focus of the material world. oEverything in the universe is librate and matters. The philosophy is held by those who believed that material items are accountable for existence. Idealism Stresses the central ideal and spiritual interpretations of experiences. oThey believe world exists as a spirit Two forms oMetaphysical idealism oEpistemological idealism Epistemology The investigation of grounds and constitution of knowledge of theworld. oFocuses on the knowledge of differences between truths and falsehood. Fundamental aspect to how we think. Empiricism Theory of experience as primar y source to our knowledge of the world. oLearning through perception. Classical empiricism oRejection of innate, in-born knowledge and concepts Radical empiricism oExplains that solely our knowledge is derived from our senses. Moderate empiricism oDescribes the exceptions to general empiristic rules. Rationalism Philosophical movement that introduced mathematical methods to philosophy.oCan be unsounded through mathematical and logicalprinciples, not sensory experiences. Ethics Branch of philosophy dealing with what is the good action for servicemans. oAnswers What do I do? Requirement for human life, decides course of action. Hedonism Doctrine that states that all enjoyment is naturally acceptable- good for the soul. Nothing but pleasure is good. Cynicism Described as a way of life, which consists of asceticism, anti-conformism, and anti-conventionalism. reason of cynicism is the virtue of well being and a happy life. Philosophers Socrates Possibly the wisest sage of all time Contributions to philosophy oPithy sayings.oSocratic method of discussion oSocratic irony oSocratic method- saying he knows nothing and that unexamined life is not worth subsisting Participated in the military during the Peloponnesian War. oCommitted suicide by ingesting poison hemlock. Plato Fun fact Plato is not his authoritative name- its Aristocles, but was later changed to Plato by his teachers Considered the most important philosopher to have ever lived- father of Idealism. Thought the human soul contained reason, spirit, and appetite. Student and follower of Socrates.Impacted math, science, morals, and political theories with hisLegacy of the Academy schooling. Aristotle Student of Plato, teacher of horse parsley the Great. Wrote on logic, nature, psychology, ethics, politics, and art. Developed deductive reasoning. Basis Aristotles syllogism Church used Aristotle to explain doctrines in the Middle Ages. imagination of Prime Element Thales Attempted to find naturalisti c explanations of the world identified water as the last-ditch principle. Pythagoras Creator of Pythagorean Theorem believed earth was what encompassed all beings.Anaximenes Explained how air was universally present and is the source of all that exists.Heraclitus Disagreed with same philosophers and claimed fire was the classical element. Empedocles Created the cosmogenic theory that composed of the four classical elements water, earth, fire, and air. Bibliography http//www. philosophybasics. com/movements_rationalism. html http//www. importanceofphilosophy. com/Ethics_Main. html http//philosophy. lander. edu/ethics/hedonism. html http//dictionary. reference.com/browse/philosophy%20? s=t http//ancienthistory. about. com/cs/people/p/aristotle. htm http//ancienthistory. about. com/od/platoprofile/p/Plato. htm http//ancienthistory.about. com/od/socratesbio/p/Socrates. htm http//www. historyforkids. org/ see/greeks/philosophy/ http//webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/athenians. html http/ /webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/greeks. html http//philosophy. gr/ http//philosophy. gr/hellinistic/cynics. htm http//www. newworldencyclopedia. org/entry/Greek_philosophy,_A ncient http//www. livius. org/gi-gr/greeks/philosophers. html http//www. historyforkids. org/learn/greeks/philosophy/ http//www. historyforkids. org/learn/philosophy/epicureans. htm http//www. iep. utm. edu/stoicmind/ http//www. iep. utm. edu/skepanci/.

All Roads lead to China and its economy

All roadstead lead to china and its economy The article All Roads lead to mainland china dated 5th December 2009 in The Star Bizweek focuses on Chinas rise as an economic powerhouse, with the stage set to become the largest economy of the world. Continuous rapid economic development public treasury date has placed China right at the heels of United States and Japan. After a market-orientated reform curriculum in 1970s, China turned into the centre of attraction for foreign investments from all over the world. The nations importance in the global economy is evident with its political relation policies and local companies actions being closely monitored. The staggering population in China of 1.3 billion provides an attractive customer base besides serving as a bald-faced labour force. In line with a boom in the manufacturing sector, Chinas demand for raw materials also propels correspondingly. This has non only transformed the way in which commodities are traded, but also led Ch ina to cocker in the acquisition of foreign assets and the formation of alliances with resource-rich countries. Despite of downbeats ranging from the low-spirited quality of goods produced to the accusation and allegation aimed towards China, the China economy is til now going strong with corporations envisioning to compete against other established international players. The inception of the market-orientated reform programme in 1970s do clearly seems to be a masterful choke which has resulted in China enjoying rapid yet encouraging economic developments over the years. In addition, with a such(prenominal) improved and predict fitted legal system in practice, the republic seems to confuse strummed the right note in the global economy game, with investments pouring in from different parts of the world. It is indeed amazing to think how the China economy has managed to emerge as one of the dominant force in such short conviction span. With such thriving potential and capacity of the China economy, no wonder it is by no vaunt to claim that any business considering itself to be a global player has to enter the China market, as stated in the article. The major advantage that China enjoys and has successfully utilized over the years is the Brobdingnagian population which provides a sordid, appealing labour force for industries, particularly the manufacturing sector. though China is not up to(p) to match with tech-savvy nations such Japan, they have unders besidesd the population advantage which they gain over other countries and and then embark on a labour-intensive-centered economy development. On top of that, a competitive surrounding too serves as a catalyst in Chinas economic development. Low wage may seem to be a fair reason to explain Chinas combat, but Kwan (2002) pointed out that the productivity of Chinese workers also has to be taken into account as a factor in Chinas competitiveness. He explains that though China pays low wage for their wor kers like how Bangladesh and Somalia pay their respective workers, the relatively high productivity of Chinese workers has placed their competitiveness on par with United States. This indicates why till date, at that place has yet to be any countries able to match up with the cost advantage of companies based or branched in China. Amidst of the advantage discussed above, at that place are several setbacks occurring concurrently with Chinas economic progress. The first revolves around Chinas very own legal system. Though Chinas legal system has been more consistent and predictable with businesses enjoying a smoother entrance into the republics market, it still has its flaws and could still prove to be an obstacle for companies venturing into China. Recently, BBC (2010) reported a conflict between Google and the Chinese regimen with the agent threatening to pull out of the nation due to cyber attacks and tight surveillance by the Chinese government to limit freedom of speech in th e internet. With China continuously imposing tight regulatory and censoring rules over the internet while Google holding firm to its stand of prioritizing moral concerns onward of businesses, the conflict has demo that Chinas restricted openness will to certain(p) extent hold back the republics potential to expand its economy. Additionally, there is also the factor of quality that China has to seriously look into. The recent years have axiom Chinas exports raising safety concerns all around the world. The people worldwide are basically getting cheap goods at the expense of their health and safety. At the same time, the reliability and durability of China-made products have also brocaded concerns and dissatisfactions from the outside world. From toothpaste to pet food to toys recalled over the years, the quality control in China seemingly to have deteriorated from bad to worse. Of all the quality flops, the most serious case saw tens of thousands hospitalized due to melamine-cont aminated dairy products. The filth not only tarnished the nations image, but it has also puts Chinas credibility and ethical responsibility into question.Moving on, Chinas domination in the global economy will soon be severely tested with the issue of inflation rise up in line with the prosperous developments. According to Peoples Daily Online (2010), experts have been predicting inflation in 2010 and the challenge lies ahead for Chinas economy to prevent inflation and to control the inflationary expectations. With increased demand for commodities due to rising phthisis power, inflation do seem inevitable for China and it would be interesting to see how the Chinese government will deal with this upcoming obstacle.Although Chinas economy has progressed immensely for the past 30 years, there are certain areas that still can be further improved to allow further expansion of the promising market. In the legal matters prospect, China could have given its legal system a thorough review to stretch its doors to companies such as Google to encourage more potential investments. On the other hand, China can portion out to the problem of low quality goods by tightening the quality control regulation to regain consumers self-confidence towards China-made products. If the relevant problems have been attended and rectified accordingly, it is only a matter of time before China replaces United States at the top of the rankings.ReferencesBBC (2010) Google may pull out of China after Gmail cyber attack Online, lendable http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8455712.stm accessed 11 January 2010Kwan, C.H. (2002) The Myth of China Competitiveness, Online, addressable http//www.rieti.go.jp/en/miyakodayori/047.html accessed 11 January 2010Peoples Daily Online (2010) Experts Preventing inflation is the biggest challenges for Chinas economy in 2010 Online, Available http//english.people.com.cn/90001/90778/90862/6871595.html accessed 11 January 2010BibliographyICIS.com (2007) China product q uality under spotlight Online, Available http//www.icis.com/Articles/2007/08/06/9049799/china-product-quality-under-spotlight.html accessed 11 January 2010

Biological Control as a Pest Management Strategy

Biological Control as a Pest Management StrategySeveral researches were carried push through by assorted organisations in Mauritius to implement biological envision in Mauritius as a divisor of our local Integrated Pest Management strategies. However, it chamberpot still be ascertained that some of the innate enemies which imbibe been introduced over the past few years be unable to match up with their evaluate efficacy on the bringing business line. lone(prenominal) a portion of the introduced essential enemies atomic number 18 real efficient in plague go steady and maintaining their take aim of infestation be low-pitched the economic threshold level, for congressman, inwrought enemies used in sugar cane celestial orbit atomic number 18 very efficient and necessitates no expletiveicide and herbicide use to go through blighters thus, reducing the cost of sugar cane production. However, those vegs planters in Mauritius that are aware of the principles of biological control bunk to misjudge the use of biological control as a method of plague management, they are twain right and wrong in certain sorts.Based on the info collected during this research, it can be clearly seen that the efficacy of inherent enemies differ from region to region. Depending on the internal confrontation species, some are to a greater extent effective in certain regions compared to new(prenominal)s. Some natural enemies cast off the potential of being a very good effective biological control, however, it is seen that their performance on field is non sufficiently satisfactory. in the lead implementing a new biological control programme, several procedures are followed so as to choose the ruff performing natural enemies. Threats to natural enemies efficacy are present in many forms. The biggest threat and most common one is the use and apply of chemicals such as pestilenceicides and insecticides. Based on the survey data obtained, it is seen tha t most grangers apply pesticide every week. The use of chemical pesticides has increased significantly during the past 10 years. The application and pesticide residuals are severe threats to natural enemies, most especially parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, flies and predators. A good drill would be planter N01 where a audition of Plutella xylostella (L) was collected to evaluate the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae. The sodbuster makes use of selective pesticides and applies a minimum amount on his infected plants and the rate of pesticide application is every 2 weeks.The efficacy of Cotesia plutellae in his field was seen to be as much as 50% that is, half of the larvae evaluated were parasitized by the wasp. On the other hand, a nonher sample of Plutella xylostella (L) was collected on planters W02 field and the efficacy of Cotesia plutellae evaluated was piece to be much lower than the N01 sample, 16% individually. From the survey data, it was seen that planter W02 make s use or a larger filling of chemicals and applies them every week, the rate of pesticide application is twice as more(prenominal)(prenominal) for planter W02 than for N01.A nonher interesting observation make while carrying out the survey. It was the way some of the planters prepare their pesticide solution, some of them clearly use much more pesticide than the amount recommended. Some of them tend to mix several pesticides together and made a pesticide cocktail out of them, qualification the final solution fork out a broader spectrum. Though the prepared pesticide cocktail solution efficacy be effective against the pest, except it also has a negative impact on natural enemies present on the field or the surrounding fields. Due to the cocktail effect, it is possible that chemicals in the mixture might interact to nurture an increase in its toxicity. This might be a argue for the low efficacy of natural enemies. husbandman A may be taking good measures of IPM and using l ess chemicals, but the overuse and ravish of pesticides by the other go upby farmer(s) will sure affect biological control on farmers A field. some other case encountered with high natural enemy efficacy is with sample W01 which consisted of genus Aphis gossypi collected a Saint Martin, a village primed(p) in the West of Mauritius. The efficacy of the parasitoid wasp Lysiphlebus testaceipes was of 48%. The sample was collected on a ca science laboratoryash plant. What was most interesting was that calabash was not the planters main crop, totally a few manoeuvres were planted at the corner of the field and let to grow without taking care of and no pesticide and other chemical application. This might be wherefore the efficacy of the parasitoid was relatively high. A very important cause of biological control failure is the planters attitude and companionship about natural enemies and biological control. Most farmers surveyed had very good cognition about the pest threat they us ually face, they also can identify the damage create pest and use appropriate measures. On the contrary, it was found that most of them (97%) do not have any knowledge on biological control, they did not know the existence of beneficial organism controlling damage causing ones.For this reason, they cannot be expected to recognise and adopt conservative measures to preserve natural enemies, such as erstwhile mentioned, reduce pesticide use, habitat management and modify biological and ecological looking ats to enhance natural enemies such as elimination of secondary enemies. It is believed that sensitisation by the responsible authorities is important to the planters so as to improve the overall IPM in Mauritius.On the other hand, even if proper sensitisation is made to all planters, it might still be quite challenging to increase the natural enemy efficacy. Most planters in Mauritius have a mindset that makes them disbelief in something they do not see with their own eyes. Also , farmers wont be willing to abandon their traditions which were passed on to them by their parents and grandparents. The use of chemicals in Mauritian agriculture is far from being regulated. Farmers say that their budget are often limited and that they cannot take risks of trying something new collectible to the fear of it not being a success and of losing everything. This is due to the fact that biological control does not completely eliminate the pest cosmos but in fact it only reduces the pest level to a minimum acceptable level. This is usually unacceptable to the farmer who wants to see his field entirely drop of any pest. If no proper conservative measures and natural enemy monitoring are applied, another(prenominal) pest outbreak may occur inflicting losses to planters. These are reasons why planters in Mauritius prefer to use pesticides as a method of pest control. Also, though most planters are not willing to change their handed-down way of pest control, some of them are sometimes willing to adopt new IPM strategies in sound out to control pests, such as the use of bait traps and sticky traps, but those traps also act against natural enemies, mostly tiny parasitic wasps. Some good agricultural practices also can contribute in biological control failure, for example, crop rotation is a good way of reducing pest population, but if the host plant essential for the pest survival is not available, neither will be the pest or their respective natural enemy. The use of pest resistant varieties is also a good way to avoid pest outbreaks but is the crop is too resistant to pests, biological control will be very hard to establish if no other sources of habitat and forage are present.Another expression having an effect on natural enemy efficacy evaluated during this research was the climatic factor in the different regions that is mainly the microclimate present in the different sites selected for sample collection. It was found that climate change has an impact on insect phenology and the distribution of phytophagus insects especially Lepidoptera. This explains the rapid development and vast distribution of the pest Plutella xylostella throughout Mauritius. In the chi square test done and presented in table 3.8 in the previous chapter, it was found that the p-value to be less than 0.05 for the natural enemy Cotesia plutella, meaning that the efficacy of the parasitoid is dependent to the climatic factor in different region. In fact, two the hymenoptera parasitoid evaluated was seen to be dependent on climatic factors compared to the other natural enemies evaluated in the chi square test (Refer to Appendix 1).This describes the difference in efficacy of the parasite around Mauritius. It was found by Nofemela, 2004 that the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae can develop on a wide range of temperatures (8.14oC 33oC), thus, another deduction that can be made about the efficacy of Cotesia plutellae is that the parasitoid density present i n the different regions is not the corresponding. In all cases of planter interviewed, it is found that the planters noticed an increase in temperature and in change in rainwater pattern and intensity. The planters also mentioned that the warmer it is, the more the risk of a pest outbreak, for this reason, they usually apply more pesticides in summer. It is concluded a changing (warming) climate and use of chemicals in agriculture are now and positively related. Despite the fact that some pests became resistant to pesticides and other chemicals, farmers still apply pesticides knowing that no results will be seen. To some extent, climate change will be responsible for the increasing overuse of chemicals and agriculture which can in turn lead to a decrease in biological control efficacy. A change in insect phenology might also affect the host and natural enemy synchrony, a fail in synchronisation with the host life cycle might cause drastic decline in biological control for reprodu ctive failure.Other factors which was seen to affect the efficacy of natural enemies was the coexistence of the pest with other organisms which provide protection to the pest against natural enemies. The two species of spirited bug studied, the Paracoccus marginatus and the Icerya seychellarum were seen to coexist with ants in all the pest samples collected. The ants harvest a substance called honeydew from them which is secreted by the mealy bugs, and in descend they provide protection against natural enemies, mostly predators. The efficacy of the Paracoccus marginatus predator Exochomus laeviusculus might not be the same on the field than the one evaluated in the lab, on the field, especially on papaya trees where the Paracoccus marginatus samples were collected the mealy bugs were found to be compacted on the trees, stems and fruit, similar a large white cottony lump. A ductile texture was present on all the mealy bug colonies, this may explain why the pest is being hard to c ontrol. The waxy substance prevents chemicals to penetrate into the colony layer and natural enemies can only feed on the lonely nymphs wondering around with no protection. Also several species of ladybugs and other predators like spiders and sparrows were seen on the same tree. much(prenominal) cases might generate a competition among predators and the efficacy of a selected predator for example the coccinelid Exochomus laeviusculus may not be the same compared to a scenario where the coccinelid is the only predator preying on the pest.A very low parasitism rate was recorded for the parasitoid Cryptochetum monophlebi biological control of the pest Icerya seychellarum, this might be because of the aim of ants, chemicals present in that particular surroundings, but also, the Cryptochetum monophlebi being the regularize Diptera. It is known that Dipterans are the favourite food of lizards and some other insectivorous reptiles. Due to the presence of those reptiles on tree fruits, it can be a reason why the efficacy of the parasitoid is too low.The efficacy of the ladybug Nephaspis bicolor, predator of Aleurodicus dispersus was also evaluated in the lab and its efficacy, just like other natural enemies evaluated was seen to vary from region to region. However the efficacy was seen to be very low, although no ants were present where the Aleurodicus disperses sample were collected, the efficacy of the Nephaspis bicolor was as low as for the Exochomus laeviusculus. Coccinellid are more effective when several of them are present, for an efficient biological control using ladybugs, a high population must be available and maintained in the field throughout the crop cycle on which the pest is present. When no food is present, the ladybug beetle will tend to move away to another area where the pest is present or find another sources of food so as for them not starve to death. If only a few are present, they will only prey on a fewer amount of pests, making no differe nces to the pest population, also, they might get eaten up by birds or lizards present on the field. However both the ladybugs evaluated are independent to the climatic factor present in the regions in which they were collected (P 0.05). It means that the regions from which they were collected does not have an effect on their efficacy.Another aspect of IPM for sustainable pest control would be the use of biopesticides, such as microbial pesticides and botanical pesticides. Only 32% of all the planters interviewed know about the availability of this kind of pesticide. Most of them think they are expensive and ineffective. However, since biopesticides are not manufactured topically, the price of the biopesticides is almost the same as for chemical pesticides. This is a reason why planters prefer to buy chemical pesticide and dont take the risk of purchasing something they are not sure about. Planters also think it is troublesome to prepare their own botanical pesticides using locally available plants such as neem and citronella and much more. Botanical pesticides do not harm the environment and the efficacy of natural enemies will be sure to be get aheaded if more planters adopt the use of biopesticides.Another interesting observation made while processing the results obtain. It was that the efficacy of natural enemies evaluated in the different agro ecological zones selected does not differ greatly. The efficacies are in the range of 15.8% to 20.2% respectively. It can be concluded that the natural enemies evaluated have a good adaptability to the local climate, which is a major characteristic for being a good natural enemy as failure to adapt to the climate and environmental factors is among the factors in biological control failure. Nevertheless, it is observed the average efficacy is lower in super humid regions compared to sub humid regions. As mentioned earlier, this might be due to the practices of the planters on their farm and also the difference in t emperature, causing changes in both the natural enemy and the host pests phenology.In crops producing fields in Mauritius, it was deducted that the use of natural enemies is effective to certain extent, but not as effective to be able to control a pest by themselves. This was the case in every area investigated regardless of the set ashore use diversities. The land use also can prove to be very determining in biological control. An example would be the pest Aleurodicus disperses, the sample (CO5) was collected in Vacoas where the citrus trees were in a field situated in a residential area. The trees were found on the road side and were heavily infected near the stem and underneath the leaves. The beetle Nephaspis bicolor was scarce and very difficult to count. On the other hand, sample CO8 of Aleurodicus disperses was collected at Ripailles, the trees were found in a field surrounded by other vegetable fields and sugarcane. The tree was rich in ladybug population, and the beetle Ne phaspis bicolor could be easily collected. This proves that land use and vegetal cover has an impact on the presence of natural enemies. For example, lemon yellow areas have a positive effect on ladybug density present and thus, this explains the low pesticide use in maize crops (Zhou, 2014). Vegetative covered areas provide food and shelter for natural enemies. A region of high vegetative cover will tend to have greater densities of natural enemies compared to a region of low vegetative cover or bare land with no vegetation at all. Other crops or trees have abilities to attract some natural enemies, so planting those trees on the field will tend to enhance biological control. Some farmers, especially large scale farmers often wipe out their field to eradicate everything left after harvesting, this also is a very bad approach if we want biological control to succeed. With no vegetation to provide shelter, the beneficial organisms will tend to move to another habitat or die out.A good monitoring schedule must be setup in order to ensure the status of natural enemies and their efficacy must be evaluated regularly. This is mainly to make sure that biological control is going on smoothly and whether human intervention is needed to provide a boost to the natural enemies in order to increase their performance. However, none of these seem to be present on the field where the evaluations were carried out. Although a very good method of foreign exploration and introduction of natural enemies were done by local organisations, no further monitoring programs are carried out.In some areas of the country, for example Saint Martin, Surinam and Belle Mare, in all which a pest sample was collected, several small planters are present ad a few large scale planters. Their field are close to each other and can be combined together to form a very large area for crop production. The efficacy of the respective natural enemies was very low compared to other areas. The reason might be because each and every farmer makes use of their own type of pesticides in their own personal ways. And pesticides being applied to such a large area will surely cause toxicity to the land and water resources found nearby. Such a large amount of pesticide application decreases the density of the available natural enemies. A lower natural enemy density and failure to reproduce will lead to a fewer amount of parasitized or preyed pest.Ladybug beetles tend to be very good pest destroyer as both the larvae and adults are voracious eater. However, a very interesting observation was made on a papaya tree infested with mealy bugs. Several species of ladybugs were present on the tree. Some unusual activities were observed. A ladybug larva was seen feeding on another ladybug larva which was of a different species. Cannibalism might also be a factor of low efficacy among coccinelid. This is an issue of host specificity and competition among pest predators. Concerning the parasitoids evalua ted no cases of hyperparasitism, multiparasitism or superparasitism was detected.